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علوم اجتماعی و جامعه شناسی::
ضمانت اجراهای رفاهی
5 Two welfare sanctions
For Garland (1985), this period marked the emergence of 'the welfare sanction'.
Certainly, these char- acteristics began to feature in subsequent penal development all the way through to the late 1960s - the high-water mark of the welfare sanction per se - in these societies.
The end product was that, just as there were two models of welfare state development, so there were two distinctive welfare sanctions, each corresponding to the broader welfare state typologies in which they were situated, and with similar consequences in their respective penal realms.
Thus, while the social democratic welfare sanction of the Nordic countries began to be put into effect through new mechanisms, and was derived from secular, rather than religious, modes of knowledge, it also represented a line of continuity with the past in so far as punishment was still intended to be used for productive and inclusionary purposes.
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